This fully revised and expanded volume is an effort to blend the common approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach, which includes mathematical descriptions of physical and physiological processes employed in the approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics modeling. It emphasizes general principles and concepts and related, isolated applications and case study observations. The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research, scientific or regulatory decisions, or for offering advanced courses/workshops and seminars.

Features:

Comprehensive handbook on principles and applications of PK/TK appealing to a diverse audience including scientists and students
An excellent text fully revised and fully updated for anyone interested in the theoretical and practical pharmacokinetics
The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research
Incorporates research relevant to SDGs and of interest to industrial and regulatory environmental scientists involved in chemical contamination research and regulatory decision making related to soil, water, and ocean
Includes sections on applications and case studies


Chapter 1. Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics. Chapter 2. PK-TK Conisderations of Auricular (Optic) - Buccal/Sublingual and Ocular/Ophthalmic Routes of Administration. Chapter 3. PK-TK Considerations of Nasal, Pulmonary and Oral Routes of Administration. Chapter 4. PK-TK Considerations of Intraarterial - Intramuscular Intraperitoneal - Intravenous - and Subcutaneous Routes of Administration. Chapter 5. PK-TK Considerations of Transdermal - Intradermal - and Intraepidermal Routes of Administration. Chapter 6. PK-TK Considerations of Rectal - Vaginal - Intraovarian Routes of Administration. Chapter 7. PK-TK Considerations of Absorption Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 8. PK-TK Considerations of Distribution Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 8. PK-TK Considerations of Metabolism Biotransformation of Xenobiotics Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 10. PK-TK Considerations of Renal Function and Elimination of Xenobiotics Estimation of Parameters and Constants. Chapter 11. Elimination Rates & Clearances (Excretion + Metabolism). Chapter 12. Approaches in PK-PD and TK-TD Mathematical Modeling. Chapter 13. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models Instantaneous Exposure to Xenobiotics Single Intravenous Bolus Injection. Chapter 14. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models Continuous Zero-Order Exposure to Xenobiotics Intravenous Infusion. Chapter 15. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models First-order Absorption via Extravascular Routes Oral Administration. Chapter 16. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Multiple Dosing Kinetics. Chapter 17. Biopharmaceutics Provisions, Dynamics, and Classifications Mechanistic Absorption Models. Chapter 18. Bioavailability, Bioequivalence and Biosimilarity. Chapter 19. Quantitative Extrapolations Cross-Species Extrapolation Low-Dose Extrapolation. Chapter 20. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Population Pharmacokinetics/Toxicokinetics. Chapter 21. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Preclinical PK/TK and Clinical Trials. Chapter 22. Adjustment of Dosage Regimen Renal Impairment, Liver Diseases, Pregnancy.