The third edition of this classic text again provides practical, comprehensive coverage of the anatomical and physiological basis for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Written by a leading authority in the field, Dr. Aage Moller has updated this important title to again offer all the leading-edge knowledge needed to perform electrophysiological recordings in the operating room, to interpret the results, and to present the results to the surgeon. The field known as "intraoperative monitoring" has expanded rapidly to cover other uses of neurophysiology and electrophysiologic recordings during surgical operations that affect the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system. These new areas are covered in this new edition. To better represent the content of the book and the field as it now stands, many of the chapters have been revised and new material has been added. While the general organization of the book is maintained, chapters such as monitoring of motor systems have been revised and extended with new material, including more detailed description of the anatomy and physiology of motor systems and new information about intraoperative monitoring.

Preface........................................................................................................................ v
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................... vii
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1
Part I: Princip les of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
2 Basis of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring......................................... 9
3 Generation of Electrical Activity in the Nervous System and Muscles................. 23
4 Practical Aspects of Recording Evoked Activity from Nerves,
Fiber Tracts, and Nuclei................................................................................... 43
Part II: Sensory Systems
5 Anatomy and Physiology of Sensory Systems...................................................... 57
6 Monitoring Somatosensory Evoked Potentials..................................................... 93
7 Monitoring Auditory Evoked Potentials............................................................. 123
8 Monitoring Visual Evoked Potentials................................................................. 163
Part III: Motor Systems
9 Anatomy and Physiology of Motor Systems...................................................... 169
10 Practical Aspects of Monitoring Spinal Motor Systems...................................... 207
11 Practical Aspects of Monitoring Cranial Motor Nerves...................................... 235
Part IV: Perip heral Nerves
12 Anatomy and Physiology of Peripheral Nerves.................................................. 261
13 Practical Aspects of Monitoring Peripheral Nerves............................................ 269
Part V: Intraoperative Recordings that can Guide the Surgeon in the Operation
14 Identification of Specific Neural Tissue............................................................. 275
15 Intraoperative Diagnosis and Guide in Operations...................................... 295
Part VI: Practical Aspects of Electrophysiological Recording in the Operating Room
16 Anesthesia and Its Constraints in Monitoring Motor and Sensory Systems......... 321
17 General Considerations About Intraoperative
Neurophysiolog Monitoring.................................................................. 329
an
y and
x Contents
18 Equipment, Recording Techniques, Data Analysis and Stimulation............ 345
19 Evaluating the Benefits of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring.......... 375
Appendix.................................................................................................................. 387
Abbreviations........................................................................................................... 393
Index........................................................................................................................ 395