This new edition of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease is dedicated to the maintenance of a comprehensive approach to the practice of Pediatric Gastroenterology. Considered to be the definitive reference work, this fourth edition has been extensively reviewed. As a result, the size and content of various sections have been modified and new chapters have been added. Specific sections deal with Physiology and Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation of Disease, Clinical Manifestations and Management (discussing the Mouth and Esophagus, The Stomach and Duodenum, The Intestine, and The Pancreas), Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases, and Principles of Therapy. Each author, selected because of their particular expertise in the field, has provided an authoritative and comprehensive account of their topic. This volume's need-to-know information is supported by a varied selection of tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Contents
Introduction: Postnatal Development and its Relevance to Pediatric Gastroenterology
SECTION 1: PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Digestion, Maldigestion, and Malabsorption
2. Intestinal Flora and Microbial Epithelial Internations
3. Gut Immune Function / Inflammation
4. Motility
5. Liver Function and Dysfunction
5.1. Bile Formation and Cholestasis
5.2. Fibrogenesis and Cirrhosis
5.3. Hepatocyte Function and Injury
6. Pancreatic Function and Dysfunction
7. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction
8. Gastrointestinal Injury
8.1. Drug-induced Bowel Injury
8.2. Radiation Enteritis

SECTION 2: CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF DISEASE
9. Acute Diarrhea
10. Persistent Diarrhea
11. Protein Losing Enteropathy
12. Vomiting
13. Colic and Gas
14. Abdominal Pain
15. Abdominal Masses
16. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
16.1. Upper
16.2. Lower
17. Growth Failure
18. The Gastrointestinal System and Malnutrition
19. Obesity
20. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

SECTION 3: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
Mouth and Esophagus
21. Disorders of the Oral Cavity
22. Congenital Anomalies of the Mouth and Esophagus
23. Disorders of Deglutition
24. Gastroesohageal Reflux
25. Esophagitis
26. Other Motor Disorders
27. Injury of the Esophagus
The Stomach and Duodenum
28. Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach and Duodenum
29. Gastritis
29.1. H. pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease
29.2. Other Causes
30. Esophageal and Gastric Neoplasm
31. Pyloric Stenosis and Other Motor Diseases including ""Dumping Syndrome""
The Intestine
32. Congenital Anomalies
33. Hernias
34. Peritonitis
35. Perianal Lesions
36. The ""Surgical"" Abdomen
37. Appendicitis
38. Intestinal Infections
38.1. Bacterial Infections
38.2. Foodborne Infections
38.3. Viral Infections
38.4. Parasitic Infections
38.5. Bacterial Overgrowth
39. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Immunodeficiency
39.1. Primary
39.2. HIV and other Secondary Immunodeficiencies
40. Intestinal Failure
40.1. Short Bowel Syndrome
40.2. Small Bowel Transplantation
40.3. Aspects of Surgery
40.4. Outcomes

41. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
41.1. Crohn's Disease
41.2. Ulcerative Colitis
41.3. Undetermined Colitis and Other Inflammatory Diseases
41.4. Surgical Aspects of IBD in Children
42. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
43. Congenital Disease of Dysfunction and Absorption
43.1. Genetically Determined Dissaccharidase Deficiency
43.2. Congenital Intestinal Transport Defects
43.3. Congenital Enteropathies
44. Enteropathy
44.1. Celiac Disease
44.2. Food Allergic Enteropathy
44.3. Autoimmune
45. Intestinal Tumors
45.1. Intestinal Polyps and Polyposis Syndromes
45.2. Other Neoplasms
46. Hypomotility Disorders
46.1. Idiopathic Constipation
46.2. Hirschsprung Disease
46.3. Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
46.4. Dysmotilities
47. Secretory Tumors Affecting the Gut
48. The Gut in Systemic Endocrinopathies
The Liver
49. Approach to Neonatal Cholestasis
50. Disorders of the Biliary Tract
50.1. Intrahepatic Cholestatic Diseases
50.2. Biliary Atresia
50.3. Other
51. Postnatal Infections of the Liver
51.1. Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Other
51.2. Bacterial, Parasitic, and Other Infections
51.3. AIDS and Other Immune Disorders
52. Autoimmune Liver Disease
53. Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Children
54. Liver Tumors

55. Genetic and Metabolic Disorders
55.1. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
55.2. Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism
55.3. Inherited Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation
55.4. Disorders of the Bile Acid Synthesis
55.5. Disorders of the Bilirubin Metabolism
55.6. Disorders of Biliary Transport and Inherited Cholestatic Disorders
55.7. A1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
55.8. Zellweger Syndrome
55.9. Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
55.10. Wilson's Disease
56. Parenteral Nutrition Associated with LD Nutrition Therapy
57. Systemic Conditions Affecting the Liver
58. Fulminant Hepatic Failure
59. Treatment of End Stage Liver Disease
60. Liver Transplantation
61. Gallbladder Disease
The Pancreas
62. Anomalies of the Pancreas
63. Tumors of the Pancreas
64. Pancreatitis
64.1. Acute and Chronic
65. Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction
65.1. Cystic Fibrosis
65.2. Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
65.3. Other Hereditary and Acquired Pancreatic Disorders

SECTION 4: DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
66. Study Design
66.1. Outcomes Research
66.2. Methodology - Statistical Analysis, Test Interpretation, Basic Principles of Screening with Application for Clinical Study
66.3. Ethics / Regulatory Issues
67. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
67.1. Patient Preparation and General Considerations
67.2. Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
67.3. Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
67.4. Gastrointestinal Endosonography
67.5. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
68. Liver Biopsy Interpretation
69. Intestinal Biopsy
70. Motility Studies
71. Esophageal pH Monitoring
72. Pancreatic Function Test
73. Breath Analysis
74. Imaging
74.1. Plain Film / Contrast Slides
74.2. Cross Sectional Imaging: Sonography, CT, MRI
74.3. Interventional Gastrointestinal Radiography
74.4. Radionucleotide Diagnosis

SECTION 5: PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY
75. Nutritional Therapy
75.1. Fluid and Dietary Therapy of Diarrhea
75.2. Feeding Difficulties
75.3. Nutritional Requirements and Assessments
75.4. Nutrition Support:
i. Parenteral Nutrition
ii. Enteral Nutrition
75.5. Special Dietary Therapy for Specific Disease States
75.6. Protective Nutrients
76. Drug Therapy
76.1. Anti-inflammatory / Immunosuppressive Medications
76.2. Modulation of Intestinal Flora
i. Antimicrobials
ii. Pre / probiotics
76.3. Motility
76.4. Pharmacological Treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
76.5. reatment of Acid-Peptic Disease
76.6. Alternative Medical Treatment
76.7. Adherence to Medical Regimens
77. Management of Surgical Patients
77.1. A Medical Perspective
77.2. The Pediatric Ostomy
77.3. Psychological Aspects